In order for the water supply system to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering units. It is highly advisable to begin development at the stage of an architectural project.
To implement ideas and equip the water supply of a private house with their own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has penetrated into all the subtleties.
We will help you understand the principles of the autonomous system, designate the device of various sources of water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. The step-by-step instruction for arranging water supply is supplemented by visual images and video clips.
The principle of operation of an autonomous water supply system
The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work is the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply periodically monitor it.
Independent of the central water supply, an autonomous network must be properly designed and designed so that the house is fully provided with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely into all water intake points.
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Organization of an independent water supply system for a private house can significantly reduce the cost of maintaining a home
The water supply system of private buildings includes two interconnected parts: external and internal. The outer part consists of a source and a water supply system, usually laid underground
The internal part of the system consists of a pipeline, equipment for pumping, the formation of a supply of water, water points, the location of which is determined according to the convenience of use and maintenance
When a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch are included in the system, designed to automate starting and stopping the pump, the process of supplying water to the taps is carried out without the participation of the owners
If automation of the system is not planned, a storage tank is included in the water supply scheme, the filling of which must be controlled
The water pumped from an autonomous source can be used to provide a water heating circuit with a coolant after it has been prepared by a boiler
On the basis of a private water source, all main types of engineering systems can be organized: cold water supply, heating, hot water supply
Step 3: Organization of water supply from an independent source will ensure the supply of the required amount of water for site maintenance
The economic benefits of autonomous water supply
The device outside the system
Internal part of autonomous water supply
System Automation Equipment
Storage tanks in the water supply scheme
Use of water as a heat carrier
Private house engineering systems
Water for cleaning and maintenance of the territory
For normal operation, the water supply system is equipped with devices and technical devices that provide automatic or partially automatic operation.
To automate the process using a hydraulic accumulator. It is used as a buffer tank for storing water and as a device for maintaining a stable pressure.
There are two compartments in the membrane tank - for air and water, they are separated by a rubber membrane. When the container is filled with water, the air chamber contracts more and more, due to which the pressure increases.
Autonomous water supply systems consist of internal and external parts. They include the pipeline branches of the same name, laid from the source of water intake to the points of water intake, fittings, plumbing, a pump, a storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator
In response to pressure increase, the electric relay switches off the pump. As soon as one of the hosts opens the tap, the pressure in the system begins to drop. The relay again responds to a decrease in pressure and turns on the pump unit to replenish the consumed water.
The use of a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply organization scheme allows not only to automate the process of water intake and to ensure its supply. Significantly extends the life of pumping equipment due to the reduction of on / off cycles.
Water supply is the basis of life support at home. It depends on him how comfortable a person will live in his home
To choose the right system parameters, you must:
- Formulate requirements for the intensity and regularity of water supply. It is possible that in a small country house you can get by with a system with a conventional storage tank and a minimum of plumbing fixtures.
- Identify possible sources, the feasibility and cost of their construction, water quality.
- Choose equipment and calculate the options for laying utility networks.
A well-designed system requires professional installation, the use of high-quality components.
Source selection and water intake device
To organize the water supply system at home, groundwater is most often used, preferring aquifers protected by waterproof rocks.
The points of their fence and the location on the out-of-town site need not be agreed with the SES authorities if the artesian well is not to be operated. The use of surface sources requires special justification.
Water intake facilities should be built on an elevated site. Drilling water wells and wells must be located at least 50 m away from potential pollution sites (latrines, compost piles, landfills, etc.) (+)
The choice of the type of water intake structure mainly depends on the peculiarities of the geological situation of the area, the depth of the aquifers, the amount of water consumed.
Most often, wells and wells are used, less often, spring capptages, etc. The choice of a certain water-lifting equipment depends on the construction of the structure.
Facilities for water intake of the technical category are located no closer than 20 meters from treatment systems, compost pits, street toilets of sewer pipelines, as well as other potential sources of pollution.
The site for their installation is not flooded, excluding flooding and possible contamination of the source by flood waters.
The water intake structure should be surrounded by a blind area of about 2 m wide, and then a clay castle with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 100 cm. Its ground part should be 80 cm high and have a cover protecting it from rain and dust.
When collecting, transporting and storing water, it is necessary to use safe materials that will not impair its quality.
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The choice of source for water supply
Well as the basis of the water supply system
Design of a water well
Abyssinian well for pumping industrial water
Using a well to organize water supply
The choice in favor of the well is most often carried out if the water lies at a depth of twenty meters.
Wells come in two types:
- Artesian. May be a depth of 100 m or more. Occasionally gush if arranged in decay. The disadvantage is the high cost of work. In addition, water can be highly mineralized, which will negatively affect the operation of the pump and plumbing fixtures.
- Shallow deepening wells (including Abyssinian). Their installation costs much less, but the disadvantage is that over time they can become silted up, especially if they are not used constantly. To raise water requires the installation of special pumping equipment.
Wells are the most common water intake facilities.
Drilling wells requires space for access and manipulation of large equipment. Often the absence of such a space makes mechanized development of a water source very difficult.
Their design may differ, but the general principle of the arrangement of wells is maintained.
They consist of such parts:
- The mouth and aerial parts. According to the rules, the mouth is arranged in an underground chamber - a caisson. If a caisson is not used to prevent rainwater from seeping into the well, an airtight head is constructed.
- Trunk, the walls of which are reinforced with casing pipes made of steel alloy, plastic. Occasionally, asbestos-cement pipes are used to equip artesian wells at great depths.
- Water intake partwhich has a sump and a filter. In rocks, filtering equipment may not be used.
It is recommended to make a blind area around the structure. For wells that are silted, it is advisable to equip a special place for water drainage in order to prevent erosion of the soil during washing of the mine.
If the place cannot be organized, it will be necessary to rent a car of wastewater trucks to remove water from washing.
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Installation of a caisson in the pit
Submersible pump connection
Installation of the head for the wellhead
Well pump immersion
Pressure pipe connection to the system
Installation of automation in the water supply
The construction of the outer part of the head
The use of wells as a source of water
The well is constructed mainly from concrete rings, masonry, sometimes their walls are made of wood. It consists of an elevated part with a vent pipe, a trunk, a water intake and a water-holding part.
Water inside the well can enter through the bottom or walls, or simultaneously from both. If the intake goes through the bottom buried in the sand, then it is supplied with a gravel bottom filter.
When water flows through the wall, special “windows” of porous concrete are arranged, which are covered with gravel as an additional filter.
The construction of the well does not present great difficulties. Therefore, if there is a need to save money, then you can dig it out and then service it yourself
Detailed information about the organization of water supply from the well is presented in the article.
The device of capturing chambers when using a spring
The device of the protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also enter through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, no filtration is required.
If suspended particles are present in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment serves for sedimentation and purification from sediment, and the other for water intake.
If you do not organize the discharge from the spring, then, subject to poor water consumption, the source may stagnate and the water in it will deteriorate (+)
To exit excess water at the largest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.
Automatic water supply equipment
The choice of the method of arrangement and installation of the water supply system of a country house begins with an assessment of the type of water intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.
Automated system includes:
- pump or finished pumping station;
- filtration system for water treatment;
- cumulative and regulatory capacity;
- external and internal pipeline;
- devices for automatic regulation.
When installing containers and pumps, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements of the equipment manufacturers.
Regulating and storage tanks for water
Water storage tanks are distinguished by the principle of operation:
- Pressureless leaky tank. It is made mainly of polymeric materials. Helps create pressure through placement at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the tank per meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
- Hydropneumatic tank. Inside, it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. It creates pressure due to compressed air in one compartment, which, through a rubber membrane, exerts pressure on the water in the adjacent compartment.
A pressureless tank is installed in a lit ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Pallets are installed under the tank to protect against small leaks. The tank is equipped with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.
One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. In submersible pumps, the allowable interval between starts is longer than in surface pumps. They should be turned on less frequently, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.
To work in tandem with surface pumps, membrane tanks are most often purchased with a capacity of 12 to 24 liters. If in the village there are interruptions in electricity, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump and store a reserve supply of water for some time.
Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.
In a system with a storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor
Purification of tap water from impurities
The method of purification of tap water is selected according to the results of its analysis. After analyzing them and identifying the most acute problems, they give preference to a particular device.
For example, if rust removal is necessary, then filtering is used through special replaceable filter cartridges. Decontaminants also remove the smell of hydrogen sulfide and manganese.
With the removal of fluoride from water, a reverse osmotic filter, which is used to prepare drinking water in the kitchen, will help.
For more thorough cleaning, a special water treatment station can be used. If stiffness is to be reduced, softeners are used. When using well water, it is recommended to use an ultraviolet disinfectant.
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Water Filters
Suction strainer
Water strainers
Reverse Osmosis Installation
Types of pumping equipment and features of choice
For autonomous water supply, various types of pumps can be used: submersible, vortex, cantilever, cantilever monoblock, as well as complete pumping stations.
When choosing a water-lifting equipment take into account:
- Source debit. It must exceed the water consumption in the house.
- Type of water intake and aquifer depth. For pumping from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Water is pumped from great depths through powerful submersible pumps.
- The required pressure in the system. The pressure of the pump installation is determined by summing the values (in meters): the height of the lift from the level of (dynamic) water in the well to the highest plumbing fixture, the pressure loss when it reaches the highest point, the necessary pressure at this point.
- Estimated Water Consumption. Calculate based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator affects the choice of equipment performance.
Submersible pump models are provided for installation in both deep and shallow wells and wells. They come in different capacities and diameters. Surface pumps are characterized by a lower pressure, so they are used for shallow sources - wells and springs.
The manufacturer often completes such devices with pressure tanks and automation, then sells them as ready-made pumping stations.
Devices for wells are produced in the form of a long, narrow cylinder that can be freely lowered into it. Well aggregates more overall
It is advisable that any pumping equipment be equipped with protection against running without water - this will prevent its overheating and breakage in the event of a decrease in the source level or damage to the pipeline.
Separately, it should be said about the ejector - a device that facilitates the operation of the pump when taking water from a great depth and / or increases the pressure. It is installed inside or outside the pump, allows you to increase its power and spend less energy on pumping water.
The choice of the pumping unit is mainly focused on the mark of the water mirror in the source and the type of water intake structure. Surface pumps are used to pump water from wells, submersible pumps are used to draw water from a well.
Control and adjustment devices
A pressure gauge is used to control water pressure. It must be accurate, because even a slight discrepancy in performance will lead to incorrect equipment settings. You can use devices designed for installation in the car.
The pressure switch is responsible for shutting down and starting up the device. In addition, it effectively protects the system from the formation of excess pressure, regulates the frequency of the pump and increases its service life.
When connecting the relay for the first time, most likely it will not have to be regulated, the factory settings are already set in it. But at the slightest deviations in the operation of the equipment, the relay must be checked and tuned one of the first.
Without measuring and control devices, such as pressure switches and manometers, it is impossible to control the operation of an autonomous water supply system
Priority and installation scheme of the water supply network
Like all work with engineering systems, the water supply device of a private house must be performed in a certain sequence.
Having equipped first of all the water source, they carry out the installation:
- external and internal pipeline;
- pumping and additional equipment;
- water purification filters;
- distribution manifold;
- hot water device.
The final step is to connect plumbing fixtures.
Step 1. Installation of pumping equipment
The installation method for water systems with submersible and surface pumps is slightly different. Surface centrifugal pumps (pumping stations) are placed in an insulated outdoor branch or in the basement of a house, pit, etc.
The submersible pump is connected to the hose and the power cable, lowered into water and suspended on a nylon cable, usually included in the package of the unit.
Installation of a submersible pump is performed in the following order:
- Before lowering the pump, measure the hose and cable. Between them they are connected with plastic clamps every 4 m and connected to the pump.
- Holding the cable (you can not hold the pump on a hose or cable), lower the pump to a predetermined depth, securely fixed. The permissible distance to the bottom is indicated by the model manufacturer.
- A head is attached over the casing. The hose and electric cable are led out through the central hole, and the cable is tied. Finally, tighten the bolts to seal the structure.
The next step is the laying and installation of the supply pipe.
If the well is not very deep, then the nylon cable that holds the pump is tied to a rubber bundle fixed to the head. It will dampen pump vibrations.
Step 2. Installation of the external pipeline
For laying an external water supply network, polyethylene - PE (or HDPE), metal-plastic pipes are most often used. The latter is stronger, but bends worse. Much less often, steel without zinc coating or galvanized, with anti-corrosion treatment is used.
A high-quality HDPE pipe must be marked, it does not have foreign spots and stripes, an unpleasant chemical smell
The pipeline must be laid half a meter lower than the freezing level. For less deep installation use insulation. Connect the pipes with collet fittings without fum tape and other seals.
Pipe installation is carried out as follows:
- Dig a wide trench to the depth of freezing and plus a half meter;
- At the bottom, a pillow is made of rammed quarry or river sand;
- Align the bottom with a slope of 2-3 cm per meter;
- They insulate a section of the water supply system laid above the depth of seasonal freezing before entering the foundation of the house;
- They lay the pipe and fall asleep with clean sand without clay inclusions.
When laying pipes, it is better to avoid connections and not use fittings, otherwise the maintainability of the entire pipeline is impaired. If you still need to make a branch underground, it is better to use fittings for welding. The result is a soldered monolithic connection without thread.
It is better to enter the pipe into the foundation of the house through a pipe of a larger diameter, the so-called sleeve. This will facilitate the repair of the highway if necessary, and sometimes, if the pipe is not very long, it will allow you to remove it without digging a trench
It is also allowed to arrange a summer water supply for irrigation, providing premises intended for summer use. Such a pipeline is sometimes laid on top of the earth.
If the summer water supply system is buried, then it is possible to drain for conservation for the cold season. To do this, a standard bias towards the source of water intake is arranged.
Some types of pipes must be hidden from sunlight and exposure to freezing temperatures. Therefore, even for temporary summer operation of the water pipes made of them, it is better to lay underground.
When laying HDPE pipes, the minimum permitted bending radii are taken into account. They depend on the SDR indicator (the ratio of the indicator of the diameter of the pipe to the wall thickness). Otherwise, the radius of the pipe will greatly decrease at the bend, which will increase the pressure in this section and the load on the pump (+)
Step 3. Installation of the internal section of the water supply
The layout and installation of the internal water supply network for different dwellings can vary greatly. Based on the individual layout and zoning of the house, its number of storeys and the number of plumbing, an individual scheme is drawn up for the water supply of a private house.
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Tee pipe routing
Pipe manifold
PVC pipe manifold construction
Combined build option
In general, the sequence of actions can be described as follows:
- By pre-applied markings, brackets are fixed to fix the pipes. If concealed installation is supposed, then the walls will be first dashed, and then the fasteners are already installed.
- At the entrance of the pipe into the building, a ball valve is installed.
- The collector is mounted, pipes are connected to it, dividing them into several circuits.
- Plastic pipes connect the press with fittings, polyethylene and polypropylene pipes by welding.
Before closing the strobes, they check the system's operability. Inspect the quality of the pipe connection, evaluate the operation of the pump and control automation.
Separation into several circuits optimizes pressure, thus, when using one plumbing fixture, the pressure in other areas will not drop
Important nuances of the water supply in the house. Expert Advice:
Stage-by-stage technology of laying an external pipeline on a segment from the foundation of the house to the well:
An overview of the elements of an autonomous water supply system, types of pumps and wiring diagrams:
When designing a water supply system, it must be borne in mind that the more complex it is, the more comfortable it is to use. But a simple system is more reliable, less likely to fail, and is available for own repair.
Therefore, when drawing up a scheme, it is important not to overestimate one's strengths and determine the most important functions that a water supply system should perform.
Do you have practical skills in organizing water supply for your home? Please share your knowledge or ask questions about the topic of publication in the comments. The contact form is located below.